Robust 3D imaging, sensor fusion, event processing, depth and intensity restoration, underwater 3D imaging, adaptive sampling, and multispectral LiDAR.
01
Robust Lidar Imaging
SPAD-based LiDAR system for 3D imaging through
obscurants
3D Reconstruction in clear and turbid water conditions
Low illumination Lidar Imaging, Long range Imaging, Imaging through obscurants:
Focus areas include imaging through challenging atmospheric conditions and long-range targets.
A. Pawlikowska, A. Halimi, R. A. Lamb, and G. S. Buller, "Single-photon three-dimensional imaging at up to 10 kilometers range,"
Optics Express, vol. 25, no. 10, May 2017.
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, X. Ren, K. McEwan, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller, "Long-range depth profiling of camouflaged targets using single-photon detection," Optical Engineering, vol. 57, no. 3, Dec. 2017.
X. Ren, P. Connolly, A. Halimi, Y. Altmann, S. McLaughlin, I. Gyongy, R. K. Henderson, G. S. Buller, "High-resolution depth profiling using a range-gated Si CMOS SPAD quanta image sensor," Optics Express, vol. 26, no. 5, 2018.
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, M. Laurenzis, F. Christnacher, G. S. Buller, "Three-dimensional single-photon imaging through obscurants," Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 4590-4611, 2019.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, R. Henderson, R. Bowman, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller and J. Leach, "Long-range depth imaging using a single-photon detector array and non-local data fusion," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 8075, 2019.
A. Halimi, R. Tobin, A. McCarthy, J. Bioucas-Dias, S. McLaughlin, G.S. Buller, "Restoration of Multidimensional Sparse Single-Photon 3D-LiDAR Images," IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging, Vol. 6, July 2019.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, X. Ren, A. McCarthy, X. Su, S. McLaughlin, G.S. Buller, "Learning Non-Local Spatial Correlations To Restore Sparse 3D Single-Photon Data," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol. 29, Dec. 2019.
A. Wallace, A. Halimi, G.S. Buller, "Full Waveform LiDAR for Adverse Weather Conditions," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 7, July 2020.
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, P. Soan, G. Buller, "Robust real-time 3D imaging of moving scenes through atmospheric obscurants using single-photon LiDAR," Scientific Reports-Nature, In-press. 2021.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, submitted.
J. Koo, A. Halimi, S. McLaughlin, "A Bayesian Based Deep Unrolling Algorithm for Single-Photon Lidar Systems", IEEE-JSTSP, 2022. [Code] [Arxiv]
K. Choi, J. Koo, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, "AGraph Attention-Driven Bayesian Deep Unrolling for Dual-Peak Single-Photon Lidar Imaging", IEEE-TCI, 2025. [Code]
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, X. Ren, K. McEwan, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller, "Long-range depth profiling of camouflaged targets using single-photon detection," Optical Engineering, vol. 57, no. 3, Dec. 2017.
X. Ren, P. Connolly, A. Halimi, Y. Altmann, S. McLaughlin, I. Gyongy, R. K. Henderson, G. S. Buller, "High-resolution depth profiling using a range-gated Si CMOS SPAD quanta image sensor," Optics Express, vol. 26, no. 5, 2018.
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, M. Laurenzis, F. Christnacher, G. S. Buller, "Three-dimensional single-photon imaging through obscurants," Optics Express, Vol. 27, Issue 4, pp. 4590-4611, 2019.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, R. Henderson, R. Bowman, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller and J. Leach, "Long-range depth imaging using a single-photon detector array and non-local data fusion," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 8075, 2019.
A. Halimi, R. Tobin, A. McCarthy, J. Bioucas-Dias, S. McLaughlin, G.S. Buller, "Restoration of Multidimensional Sparse Single-Photon 3D-LiDAR Images," IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging, Vol. 6, July 2019.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, X. Ren, A. McCarthy, X. Su, S. McLaughlin, G.S. Buller, "Learning Non-Local Spatial Correlations To Restore Sparse 3D Single-Photon Data," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol. 29, Dec. 2019.
A. Wallace, A. Halimi, G.S. Buller, "Full Waveform LiDAR for Adverse Weather Conditions," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 7, July 2020.
R. Tobin, A. Halimi, A. McCarthy, P. Soan, G. Buller, "Robust real-time 3D imaging of moving scenes through atmospheric obscurants using single-photon LiDAR," Scientific Reports-Nature, In-press. 2021.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, submitted.
J. Koo, A. Halimi, S. McLaughlin, "A Bayesian Based Deep Unrolling Algorithm for Single-Photon Lidar Systems", IEEE-JSTSP, 2022. [Code] [Arxiv]
K. Choi, J. Koo, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, "AGraph Attention-Driven Bayesian Deep Unrolling for Dual-Peak Single-Photon Lidar Imaging", IEEE-TCI, 2025. [Code]
02
Underwater Lidar Imaging
Depth profile and reflectivity restoration through turbid
water
The proposed Bayesian approaches provide robust depth profile and reflectivity restoration even in highly scattering underwater environments. The methods are capable of producing real-time reconstruction of 3D videos from single-photon LiDAR data in the presence of severe obscurants and turbidity.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, A. McCarthy, S. McLaughlin and G. S. Buller, "Object Depth Profile and Reflectivity Restoration from Sparse Single-Photon Data
Acquired in Underwater Environments," IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept.
2017.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, submitted.
S. Plosz, A. Maccarone, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller, A. Halimi, "Real-Time Reconstruction of 3D Videos from Single-Photon LiDaR Data in the Presence of Obscurants", IEEE-TCI, vol. 9, pp. 106-119, Feb. 2023. [Code] [Videos]
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, submitted.
S. Plosz, A. Maccarone, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller, A. Halimi, "Real-Time Reconstruction of 3D Videos from Single-Photon LiDaR Data in the Presence of Obscurants", IEEE-TCI, vol. 9, pp. 106-119, Feb. 2023. [Code] [Videos]
03
Multi-Spectral Lidar Imaging
Restoration of sparse 3D data across spectral channels
Advancements in 3D target detection and spectral classification using multi-dimensional sparse single-photon LiDAR data. The proposed algorithms allow robust restoration combining depth and spectral information under extremely low signal-to-background ratios.
A. Halimi, R. Tobin, A. McCarthy, J. Bioucas-Dias, S. McLaughlin, G.S. Buller, "Restoration of Multidimensional Sparse Single-Photon 3D-LiDAR Images,"
IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging, Vol. 6, July 2019.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, 2021.
A. Belmekki, J. Leach, R. Tobin., G.S. Buller, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, "3D Target Detection and Spectral Classification for Single-photon LiDAR Data", Optics Express, 2023.
A. Halimi, A. Maccarone, R. Lamb, G. Buller, S. McLaughlin, "Robust and Guided Bayesian Reconstruction of Single-Photon 3D Lidar Data: Application to Multispectral and Underwater Imaging," IEEE-TCI, 2021.
A. Belmekki, J. Leach, R. Tobin., G.S. Buller, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, "3D Target Detection and Spectral Classification for Single-photon LiDAR Data", Optics Express, 2023.
04
Adaptive Sampling for Lidar Imaging
Task-based adaptive sampling strategy for 3D multi-spectral
LiDAR
Fast task-based adaptive sampling pipeline for 3D single-photon multispectral LiDAR data. Adaptive sampling evaluates spatial uncertainty dynamically to focus acquisition on informative regions, outperforming uniform sampling.
M. A. A. Belmekki, R. Tobin, G. S. Buller, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi,
"Fast Task-Based Adaptive Sampling For 3D Single-Photon Multispectral LiDAR Data,"
IEEE-TCI, 2022.
A. Halimi, P. Ciuciu, S. McLaughlin, G. Buller "Fast Adaptive Scene Sampling for Single-Photon 3D LiDAR Images," in IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), Guadeloupe, France, Dec. 2019.
A. Halimi, P. Ciuciu, S. McLaughlin, G. Buller "Fast Adaptive Scene Sampling for Single-Photon 3D LiDAR Images," in IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), Guadeloupe, France, Dec. 2019.
05
Multi-modal Imaging (Fusion)
Generating high-speed 3D models via multi-modal image
fusion
Multi-modal sensor fusion for high-speed 3D image sequence generation, 3D pose estimation and high-resolution 3D imaging.
Python code — A. Ruget, L. Wilson, J. Leach, R. Tobin, A. McCarthy, G. S. Buller, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, Optics Express, 2025
Python code — A. Ruget, M. Tyler, G. Mora-Martín, S. Scholes, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, B. Hearn, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, J.
Leach, Science Advance, 2022
Python code — A. Ruget, S. McLaughlin, R. K. Henderson, I. Gyongy, A. Halimi, J. Leach, Optics Express Advance, 2021
A. Ruget, L. Wilson, J. Leach, R. Tobin, A. McCarthy, G. S. Buller, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, "A Plug-and-Play Algorithm for 3D Video Super-Resolution of Single-Photon LiDAR data," Optics Express, 2025. [Arxiv]
A. Ruget, M. Tyler, G. Mora-Martín, S. Scholes, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, B. Hearn, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, J. Leach, "Pixels2Pose: Super-Resolution Time-of-Flight Imaging for 3D Pose Estimation," Science Advances, 2022. [Arxiv]
A. Ruget, S. McLaughlin, R. K. Henderson, I. Gyongy, A. Halimi, J. Leach, "Robust super-resolution depth imaging via a multi-feature fusion deep network," Optics Express, 2021.
I. Gyongy, S. W. Hutchings, A. Halimi, M. Tyler, S. Chan, F. Zhu, S. McLaughlin, R. K. Henderson, and J. Leach, "High-speed 3D sensing via hybrid-mode imaging and guided upsampling," Optica, Vol. 7, Issue 10, Sept. 2020.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, R. Henderson, R. Bowman, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller and J. Leach, "Long-range depth imaging using a single-photon detector array and non-local data fusion," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 8075, 2019.
A. Ruget, M. Tyler, G. Mora-Martín, S. Scholes, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, B. Hearn, S. McLaughlin, A. Halimi, J. Leach, "Pixels2Pose: Super-Resolution Time-of-Flight Imaging for 3D Pose Estimation," Science Advances, 2022. [Arxiv]
A. Ruget, S. McLaughlin, R. K. Henderson, I. Gyongy, A. Halimi, J. Leach, "Robust super-resolution depth imaging via a multi-feature fusion deep network," Optics Express, 2021.
I. Gyongy, S. W. Hutchings, A. Halimi, M. Tyler, S. Chan, F. Zhu, S. McLaughlin, R. K. Henderson, and J. Leach, "High-speed 3D sensing via hybrid-mode imaging and guided upsampling," Optica, Vol. 7, Issue 10, Sept. 2020.
S. Chen, A. Halimi, F. Zhu, I. Gyongy, R. Henderson, R. Bowman, S. McLaughlin, G. S. Buller and J. Leach, "Long-range depth imaging using a single-photon detector array and non-local data fusion," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 8075, 2019.